Until very recently, the guarantees obtained by a purchaser as part of a real estate transaction were limited, on the one hand, to those given in respect of the civil liability of his notary and, on the other hand, to the guarantees granted by the vendor according to his own ability to negotiate these guarantees. Some transactions were even carried out without any specific declaration or guarantee from the seller, the buyer taking this risk to ensure that the transaction would be completed for his own benefit as quickly as possible.