to the fore by the launch of platforms such as ChatGPT, Copilot and Gemini, artificial intelligence is no longer the preserve of a handful of researchers isolated in their laboratories, but is now available to all companies and their employees. This is transforming the modus operandi of all sectors. Considered by many analysts as a fifth industrial revolution, it could carry a disruptive potential comparable to the advent of the printing press, confides Frédéric Pascal, Professor at CentraleSupélec and Director of the DATAIA Institute. Convinced of its strategic importance for France's competitiveness, the government will have deployed more than €3 billion between 2018 and 2025 through its national strategy for artificial intelligence to structure an industry in France and accelerate business adoption.